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| Diagnosis of Influenza
Influenza cannot be reliably diagnosed on clinical features. The presence of fever and cough or a standard case definition for 'influenza-like illness' are poorly related to laboratory-confirmed influenza. Many cases with laboratory confirmed influenza do not meet the case definitions; even more cases who have the clinical symptoms do not have laboratory-confirmed infection |
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Influenza: the Disease
Current Case Definition for Avian Influenza
Possible case of Avian Influenza A (H5N1)
Person with acute lower respiratory tract illness of abrupt onset, characterised by:
- fever (temperature >38 C); and
- sore throat; and
- cough; and/or
- dyspnoea (difficult or laboured breathing);
AND one or more of the following:
- having been in contact with (within the seven days prior to the onset of symptoms) a confirmed case of influenza A while this case was infectious; and/or
- recent (within seven days prior to the onset of symptoms)
visit to a poultry farm, or other place where avian species are kept,
in an area known to have outbreaks or to be enzootic for HPAI; and/or
- recent (within seven days prior to the onset of symptoms) contact with birds (chickens, turkeys, geese, quail, ducks or peafowl) that were unwell or that have died of an illness; and/or
- having worked in a laboratory (within seven days prior to the onset of symptoms) that is processing samples from persons or animals that are suspected of HPAI infection.
Probable case of Pandemic Influenza A (H5N1)
possible case; and
limited laboratory evidence for influenza A (such as IFA+ using H5 monoclonal antibodies).
Confirmed Pandemic Influenza case: :
An individual for whom laboratory testing demonstrates one or more of the following:
- positive viral culture for pandemic influenza A; or
- positive PCR for pandemic influenza A; or
- immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test positive using Influenza A/H5 monoclonal antibodies; or
- a four-fold rise in H-5 specific Ab titer.
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